How to Prevent Nuclear War Preventing nuclear war is complicated since we are talking about a worldwide effort to curtail nuclear weapons from being used in war. There are a number of things that we need to do in order to achieve this goal which includes: preventing other nations from developing or obtaining nuclear weapons, preventing nations with nuclear weapons from making more, and decreasing the number of nuclear weapons in the world. Preventing Development When it comes to preventing other nations from developing nuclear weapons the best thing that we can do is have all nations sign anti-nuclear weapons treaties and have nuclear scientists inspect nuclear energy reactors occasionally to make sure they are incapable of making nuclear weapons. These treaties would also prevent the export of certain nuclear materials. Preventing Stockpiling When it comes to preventing nations that already have nuclear weapons, the best we can do is to make sure they sign treaties and are open about their nuclear capacity. Dismantling When it comes to decreasing nuclear capacity we can start by dismantling some of our nuclear weapons as an example for other nuclear powers to do the same. Work Towards Peace There is another aspect to nuclear disarmament and that is to decrease the cause of needing nuclear weapons in the first place. Countries like Pakistan, Israel, India, and North Korea are countries that have border issues. If we can work towards encouraging a decrease in tension with these countries and their neighbors then there would be less of an incentive or necessity for these nations to develop nuclear weapons. Anti-Nuclear Defense Systems Another way to handle nuclear weapons, if all else fails, is to develop anti-nuclear defense systems of our own and make sure that the rest of the world has such defenses. This system is being developed by the US now with Anti-ICBM technology. Currently, the US is the only country that has a reliable anti-ICBM defense system but that is only if one or two missiles are launched at us from a far distance. This technology should continue to be developed to the point where an enemy nuclear submarine can launch a missile just off the coast and the US would still be able to defend itself. The Global Nuclear Environment List of Countries with Nuclear Capabilities: USA -1945 Russia -1949 UK -1952 France -1960 China -1964 Israel -1966 India -1974 Pakistan -1998 North Korea -2006 Countries that Share Nuclear Capabilities (NATO) Germany Netherlands Turkey Belgium Italy Counties that signed the NPT (Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons) USA Russia UK France China Although refitting nuclear energy reactors to become nuclear weapons facilities is difficult it can still be done an so all nations with nuclear energy should also sign the same anti-nuclear treaties as those that have nuclear weapons. As you can see above there are nations that have nuclear weapons that haven’t signed the NPT. 61 Nations use nuclear energy reactors Nations that use Nuclear energy for a majority of energy use France (56 Reactors) Slovakia (4 Reactors) Ukraine (15 Reactors) Hungary (4 Reactors) Largest producers U.S.A. (95 Reactors) France (56 Reactors) Below is a list of treaties that all nations should sign that would deter the use of nuclear and in general devastating weapons. NPT- Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons BTWC- Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention CWC- Chemical Weapons Convention Extended Deterrence US-Russian New Start Treaty Export Control Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty MTCR (Missile Technology Control Regime) Hague Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons INF (Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty) US- Russian New Start Treaty The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (Iran Nuclear Deal) No First Use

Why War? When a foreign nation attacks one of our own or even invades our home the appropriate response seems to be to fight back. When the Imperial Japanese attacked the US at Pearl Harbor and the Philippines, the response was to fight back. When the North Vietnamese launched torpedoes at the USS Maddox in the Gulf of Tonkin, the response was to fight back. When Iraq invaded and annexed Kuwait, the response was to fight back. When Al-Qaeda launched a coordinated attack on several US cities, the response was to fight back. When Iran launched skirmishing attacks on US soldiers in Iraq and Syria, the response was to fight back. This casus belli or cause of war, when listed in that way gives the impression that the US is defending as opposed to attacking. However, very few people stop and wonder why these nations would want to attack the US. These are the causes of war for the US but what were the causes of war for them? Japan In the case of Pearl Harbor, there were many factors in Japan’s decision to invade US territory and other nations. Some direct like the US putting an oil embargo on Japan and others were indirect and more methodical. The indirect cause was the sense of national pride which lead to colonialism. After the Meiji Restoration which modernized and industrialized Japan, the Japanese decided to redesign their military under the German standard. They invited a prominent German officer named Jakob Meckel to drill top Japanese officers on modern tactics and weaponry. Meckel was the one who told the Japanese that in order to secure their place in the world and to protect their nation they would need to invade Korea since Korea was a knife to the belly of Japan which could be used by foreign powers. European nations and America had expansive empires all over the world which surrounded Japan. The French held southeast Asia, the Russians held Siberia and were expanding southward into Manchuria, the newly formed Chinese republic was also expanding into Manchuria and into Korea, the Dutch held the indies and restricted foreign trade, and lastly, the Americans held islands to the east of Japan. Japan desired to become like the rest of the great powers at the time and all of those powers had colonies of their own. All that Japan did was mimicked what the US and other powers did. If we want to be disgusted by the actions of the Japanese, which we should, we must also be disgusted by the nations Japan was imitating. Vietnam Vietnam has a history of foreign powers oppressing their people from the Chinese to the French and briefly the Japanese. During World War II the Japanese invaded French Indo-China, modern-day Vietnam, and expelled the French only to surrender to allied forces shortly after. In the period after the Japanese left and before the French returned, Ho Chi Minh with the backing of the American OSS took back the country and quickly declared independence. American forces supported Ho Chi Minh and even saved his life several times. Ho third from the top left next to American OSS operatives In Ho’s speech declaring Vietnam’s independence, he started with the words, “All men are created equal. They are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, among them are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” In case you missed American history, those are the same words in America’s declaration of independence which was also against a European power. Next to Ho during that speech was American OSS Major Archimedes Patti showing just how close the US and Vietnam relations were. This peace did not last long as the French demanded their colonies back and President Truman abandoned any support for the Vietnamese. This started the First Indochina War between the French backed monarchists in the south and the Viet Minh in the north. After several French defeats such as at Dien Bien Phu negotiations split the country into two a communist republic in the north called the DRV and a Monarchy in the south called the State of Vietnam. Shortly after, however, the Monarchy broke down as the Prime Minister, Ngo Dinh Diem, declared the south as a republic but had refused to hold a referendum on whether or not the south would be united with the north since he was corrupt and wanted to maintain power for himself. This caused many DRV insurgencies to rise in the south against Diem which were met with more force backed by the United States. Diem was not entirely cooperative with the United States and so the south Vietnamese military backed by the CIA had Diem assassinated in a coup d’etat. It was the American-backed forces suppressing any democratic process to reunify Vietnam that caused the DRV to attack the USS Maddox off the coast of their own country. In this instance, the United States was the foreign aggressor. Iraq The history of Iraq is similar to the history of Vietnam in many ways. For thousands of years there were foreign occupiers that exploited the people and land from the Persians to the Greeks to the Ottomans, and in more recent history the French and the English. During World War I the French and British promised independence for anyone in the Ottoman Empire who rebelled against the Ottomans. Secretly, however, the French, British, and Russians agreed to split the dying Ottoman Empire for themselves in the infamous Sykes-Picot Treaty. Due to instability in the region and the expense of World War II the European Empires lost most of the control in the region and decided to consolidate power. In the case of the Iraqi territory the British consolidated power into two specific areas, Kuwait and Palestine. Kuwait was historically an Iraqi territory and was originally founded by the ancient Iraqis known as the Mesopotamians in 2000 BCE. Kuwait belonged to Iraq, the British did not care and siphoned off the region from Iraq in order to maintain an important trading port and naval base along with the land near the island which was rich with oil. After World War II, Iraq was volatile and unstable until the late 1970s when Saddam Hussein rose to power through military and political force. Shortly after consolidating power within the country, he desired to expand Iraq by taking back its former territories starting with Kuwait. After his invasion and annexation, the UN sent a relief force led by the United States under the Bush Sr administration. Kuwait was liberated which is not an accurate statement; Kuwait was returned to the British-influenced government. In this incident, Iraq was trying to gain back the territories lost to colonial powers much like Vietnam. Was Hussein a good person, no, but his rise to power and asperations of expansion were caused by the instability from colonial powers. Those colonial powers only continued the cycle of war instead of ending it. The United States remained complicit and supported the status quo created by colonial powers much like what happened in Vietnam. Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda is an organization that was founded during the Soviet-Afghan War of the 1980s. Most of its members are from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and UAE. The organization believes in Salafism which was the idea that Islam should return to its fundamental way a life, specifically to the way Islam was in the first three generations following the Prophet Muhammad. The name Al-Qaeda translates to the “fundamental” or the “base.” As mentioned before, Al-Qaeda became active during the 1980’s Soviet-Afghan War and fought along side the American backed Afghan government to remove the foreign invaders. After the war, however, American forces did not leave despite the people demanding that all foreign influence, including the US, must leave. This created instability and civil war including the creation of the Taliban in the early 1990s which was and still is the de facto government of non-US controlled parts of Afghanistan. Al-Qaeda worked with the Taliban in its attempts to expel the United States along with all “western” influence. It was in this conflict that pinned Al-Qaeda directly against the United States and so in every nation that Al-Qaeda spread to, the United States would be there to fight them regardless if the local populations even wanted US support. Although Al-Qaeda declared itself against the whole world, it was the US insistence to not leave certain nations alone that created direct and unnecessary conflict, and ironically it was the civil wars in Afghanistan partly caused by the United States that gave local populations a reason to join organizations such as Al-Qaeda in order to expel foreign influence. 9/11 was not the start of the conflict, merely a single battle in a long drawn out conflict that only perpetuated war and reinvigorated the cycle of violence. Iran Iran, like Syria, and the aforementioned Iraq and Afghanistan was trying to get rid of foreign influence and in 1979 the country overthrew their King or Shah named Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. The US intervened and defended the King and eventually took him into the United States to provide safety and healthcare. The Iranians demanded the Shah back so that he could stand trial for crimes against Iranian citizens. This never happened and so the Iranian people took US hostages from an embassy. This act of US support of a brutal King and the retaliation from Iran taking hostages has pinned the US and Iran against each other ever since. The Obama administration attempted to end tension through the Iranian nuclear deal but that was undermined by further sanctions under the same administration. Relations became worse under the Trump administration as the US left the nuclear deal and began maximum pressure against Iran starting with the droning of Iran’s top general, Soleimani at the start of 2020. Here, much like the other nations discussed before, most of the violence was unnecessary, and furthering tension and conflict will do nothing to bring peace. In Conclusion: I do not know how to make or maintain peace, but I do know what causes war. What the United States has done and still does is not creating peace only a status quo of hegemony that can collapse at any moment just as the British, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Russian, Ottoman, Japanese, and many other empires had. We are already seeing American hegemony decline all over the world and the best thing that we can do is to give up that hegemony peacefully and willingly. Would this create peace in the rest of the world, probably not, but it will prevent the United States from being the reason why war is happening. This has been a brief history as to the causes of war in a few conflicts and I encourage my readers to go out on their own and study this intricate and fascinating history of US conflicts.

Prelude: Amicitia Americae means friend of America and it is the name of the proposed foreign policy below. This policy follows the principles and ideals of the previous blogs I have written on foreign policy. You should read Pacificus and How to Amend Foreign Policy to get a better understanding of Amicitia Americae. Amicitia Americae is a foreign policy that restructures the US’ foreign obligations and treaties both military and economic to nations that actively adopt our policies. The reasoning behind this policy is to separate the United States from nations that not only don’t share the same political values as the US but clearly violate human rights. Pacificus argues for neutrality and Amicitia Americae argues for a peaceful expansion of the United States. Below shows a list of what a foreign nation has to do to be called Amicitia Americae, what the US should do in response, and how that Amicitia Americae can transition into a state(s). This process below should be done slowly and not all at once. Once a nation starts then it should be called Amicitia Americae Amicitia Americae is a Title to Nations that: Adopts the US Constitution. Adopts US federal legal statutes. Ends any alliances they may have with other nations and enters an alliance with other Amicitia Americae. Ends any obligations they have with other nations that the US Senate does not approve of. Incorporates their military into the United States military. Free trade. Free travel. Adopts the US dollar as the main currency. Matches our educational curriculum and standards. Pays taxes as a territory. What the US gives in return: Full military support in defense. Federal aid like any other territory. Their debt adopted by the US federal government. Representation in Congress as a territory. Free trade. Free travel. National Citizenship as a territory. Building of any necessary infrastructure. Transitioning Process: That nation will be divided up into potential states (only if big enough to be divided) these potential states are called Consulships. The division process will include the foreign relations committees of the House and Senate and the government of the nation in question in order to draw the Consular (state) lines. Each Consulship of the nation (if divided) will be run by a Consul who is elected to a term of two years but cannot serve two consecutive terms. The Consulships will independently decide on whether or not they wish to become a full-fledged State. Each Consul will conduct a bi-yearly referendum (in the middle of each term) until a majority of support for statehood is reached. The Consuls of each Consulship of a nation will form a Committee of Consuls to make sure that both their nation and the US are keeping up with their agreements in order to continue the Amicitia Americae relationship Once a Consulship becomes a state the position of Consul will be absolved and the position of Governor will be instituted The Consul who ratifies statehood for their consulship will become the governor for the first term and serve the full gubernatorial term of four years Once a state, that Consul will no longer be in the Committee of Consuls of that nation. Conclusion: America should include other nations that adopt our politics into the Union in order to expand democracy and peace abroad. This process should not be done with force, especially military force, but through popular sovereignty and due processes. Few nations will actually become Amicitia Americae or friend of America and that is okay as long as we maintain neutrality and respect for all other nations.

Immigration Principles American rights are universal, however, America cannot universally defend these rights due to our respect for national sovereignty and the fact that we simply cannot protect everyone in different nations. Despite this, the best way to defend rights for all is to allow immigrants to enter the United States. The process below details how we can reform our immigration process in order to protect the rights of as many people as possible while maintaining order domestically through due process. Limitation Remove the limit of immigrants allowed into the country There will still be a physical limit to how many immigrants are able to enter the country, due to the amount of funding we give to the immigration offices, but there should not be an arbitrary number that someone makes up in their head. Simple Merit End the lottery base system and adopt a point or merit-based system The merit system includes a criminal record examination and a general knowledge examination. Assume innocent for criminal records not found The examination is a written test on basic (Fifth grade) English and American Civics. The examination is only for adults (18 and above) The English test will be based on basic communication, not on books and rhetoric. The civics test will be based on individual rights and privileges not on names and dates. Entry Via Visa If they pass the exam with over 65% grade then they will be handed a working visa while children will receive a student visa Working visa will have no expiration date A student visa automatically upgrades to a working visa when the student reaches the age of 18 Upgrades to a working visa still allowed to enroll in school. After six consecutive years working within the states with a working visa, they will be granted full citizenship. The working visa can be allowed for employment or receiving a driver’s license but cannot be used to purchase firearms or vote in federal elections. Once a full citizen then they can Naturalization Centers If adults fail and they still want to enter the country they will be sent to residential centers called Naturalization Centers. Parents who fail will be allowed to have their children stay with them or enter the country with a student visa if they have other family members already living in the states. Immigrants will be registered in different centers Family center; where parents and their children will be kept together Working center; where working-age men and women (18-65 years of age), couples with no children or single men and women will be in this center. Orphans center (Under 18); for children who are alone until we can find their parents or guardians. Elderly center (without working-age support) (over 65) Elderly people Each center will have adequate housing, food, water, clothes, electricity, and medical care and education for one year for everyone; then they will be allowed re-examination and then granted a working visa. Activities include mandatory education at residential centers. (For adults) Education will begin at 9 and end at 3 with one hour (12-1) for lunch and a general break. The first three hours will be English class, the latter two hours will be American civics (For children) education will be the same as the curriculum for children in the state the camp resides in. More activities include: (For adults) after the education schedule, there will be time for learning a skill or trade (3-7 pm) From the start of this program, the accepted skills include culinary, welding, farming, house-cleaning, trash collection and disposal, road and house construction, and plumbing. House Immigration Committee can approve of other skills and trades. Families that had one spouse pass the exam and the other fail can remain together in the appropriate center but the one who failed must follow the schedule for education for re-examination but the one who passed will still receive his or her working visa.

Pacificus Principles Foreign policy restraint: The United States currently does not have a codified set of foreign policy principles to guide policymakers which is why we see inconsistencies when it comes to alliances or treaties such as joining the Iran Deal, then the next administration leaves the Iran Deal, then the next administration promises to rejoin. Pacificus was the pen name of Hamilton in seven letters arguing for US neutrality in the war between France and England. The following set of principles can help guide foreign policy; The United States recognizes and respects the national sovereignty of all countries regardless of the differences in culture, government structure, geography, natural resources, and legal protections of its citizens. The US should not interfere with any of these national differences unless provoked into conflict by that nation. The United States should remain out of alliances and treaties that alienate other nations but work towards ending universal threats such as nuclear proliferation. The United States is interested in expanding American values and rights abroad through popular sovereignty of those foreign nations and not military or economic force. Foreign Obligations In accordance with these principles, the United States should end all military alliances and any other foreign obligation that is not universal in nature. Such obligations that we should maintain would be nuclear arms treaties since nuclear warfare is a universal threat and does not obligate us to favor one country over the other. US efforts to combating climate change should be maintained. Military Assets Given the expanse of the US military due to the treaties we currently have, ending those treaties would require a major overhaul of military assets and operations. In order to separate ourselves from foreign conflicts, the United States should sell all army bases abroad to the nations that they reside in. To encourage these purchases, the Army generals in charge of the bases, with the support of the President, will decide which weapons, ammo, ordinances, vehicles, and fuel that is currently stationed at each base would be included in the purchases. Military Operations With the end of most operations, this should include all mercenary contracts including the subsidies and tax deductions, and exemptions to mercenary companies. Mercenary armies degrade America’s image and prevent the US from being neutral. Along with decreasing military operations, we should decrease foreign aid and end subsidies and tax deductions/exemptions to corporations that send aid abroad. Allocating Funds The decrease of US involvement means that we can allocate military funds to domestic projects; I suggest the US decrease the Army’s budget by 70%, from around $200 billion to $60 billion, and allocate $40 billion of that amount to the Navy, $10 billion to the Air Force, and $90 to domestic infrastructure. The infrastructure projects should include a fully developed and connected high-speed rail system and the renovation of our waterways. Since the money is from the Army and since infrastructure has a military purpose to it, the Army should oversee construction, development, maintenance, and operations of the rail system. As an incentive for the Army to speed up development, we should return the Army’s budget back to the prior amount once the infrastructure projects are complete. The money sent to the other two branches for research and development of defensive technologies and tactics to update our military. Trade Relations Since equal treatment is a principle of our foreign policy, we should end all sanctions on other countries and adopt a progressive tariff system that is based on the GDP of a nation along with the total trade of that nation and the individual industries themselves. For example, a nation that has a high GDP and billions of dollars worth of trade with the US will have a higher tariff rate than a nation with a small GDP and only millions of dollars worth of trade with the US. Individual industries of a country will also have their own tariff rate. This way we are encouraging purchases to smaller countries to alleviate the economic dependence America has on larger and more prosperous nations while supporting smaller nations. This will also normalize America’s relations with foreign nations since we will not be arbitrarily putting tariffs on nations simply because we don’t like them. United Nations This restraint does not mean isolationism from the international community and we should still have an open dialogue with every nation, share our medical and scientific research, collaborate on climate issues, and work with every country to deter nuclear armament and use. The United States should remain the host for the UN and support open dialogues between nations to deter conflicts worldwide which can only be done with foreign policy restraint.

Amending US Foreign Policy As mentioned in the last post which you can read here, US foreign policy is flawed in several ways. The first is the lack of consistency in policy and interpretation of goals between administrations. The second is that the policies themselves are flawed and unproductive. How to fix the problems facing grand US strategy abroad include codifying principles, establishing consistent and achievable goals, passing pragmatic and realistic policy, and have a system of observation, analysis, and amendments to keep everything running. Codifying Foreign Policy Principles Currently, there are no principles guiding US foreign policy; there are vague goals that generally remain the same throughout differing administrations, but those are not principles. A principle is a reciprocation concept that guides international relations. For example, Americans don’t like the idea of foreign governments interfering in their elections or trying to persuade Americans into supporting one political ideology over another. Americans value foreign countries respecting their national sovereignty. If the US actually held this principle of respect mutually, most of our current foreign policy would disappear since it includes interfering with the domestic affairs of foreign nations. I propose the following set of principles. The United States recognizes and respects the national sovereignty of all countries regardless of differences in culture, government structure, geography, natural resources, and legal protections of its citizens. The US should not interfere with any of these national differences unless provoked into conflict by that nation. The United States should remain out of alliances and treaties that alienate other nations but work towards ending universal threats such as nuclear proliferation. The United States should be interested in expanding American values and rights abroad but should do so through popular sovereignty and not through military or economic force. Establishing Principled Goals Appropriate goals can be set after principles are agreed upon. National security, advancing human rights, nuclear non-proliferation, even advancing democracy are all goals that can and should remain with the given principles above. The issue is that specific policies passed turned out to be detrimental to US international relations. Policy Policy is always tricky because of unintended consequences, changing interest groups, and incomplete information. Current US policy isn’t taking us closer to the goals set by the Department of State. The source of these problems is US entanglement in overlapping foreign affairs. For example, the US is collaborating with Turkey and the Kurds; the Kurds are an unofficial nation split up between several nations including Turkey. If Turkey gets what they want then the Kurds will be harmed; if the Kurds get what they want then that will build animosity and violence between the two groups. The photo below from the BBC shows the land claimed by the Kurds which is in conflict with several nations we are working with and working against. This is the Thucydides trap where alliances don’t prevent conflict but only exacerbate them by dragging in nations that have nothing to do with the conflict itself. I will write in-depth about an appropriate foreign policy that would address these issues in future blogs. A prelude includes dividing foreign policy into two branches the first called Pacificus and the second called Amicitia Americae. Amendments No grand strategy is complete, accurate, or long-lasting and so as the world changes so should policy. The constant cycle of observation, analysis, and amendments is the cycle to maintain appropriate legislation. This will be successful with well-funded research institutions to gather information about those changing environments. The willingness to adapt to changing circumstances by lawmakers is also essential to maintaining a well-regulated foreign policy.

With a new Presidential Administration, many are wondering what kind of changes we should see in regards to US foreign policy and international relations. President Biden halted the troop withdraws from several countries such as Germany and Syria. He stated in a press conference that "America is back" referring to US involvement in international affairs. You can read the full Biden speech on America's place in the world here. Under the Obama Administration, the Department of State issued a statement on the four goals of American foreign policy. You can read the full document here. These goals were adopted by the two following administrations. The issue is that despite the goals remaining the same, the different administrations have had vastly different foreign policies. This leads to the first issue with these goals and that is their interpretation. List of Goals Protect the United States and Americans; Advance democracy, human rights, and other global interests; Promote international understanding of American values and policies; and Support U.S. diplomats, government officials, and all other personnel at home and abroad who make these goals a reality. Foreign Policy Issues Protecting America Americans think of just the states when considering US protection but this policy includes military bases. In the past two decades, the only targets against the US have been the bases we hold in other countries especially in the Middle East. These bases, ironically, are the reason why we are being attacked in the first place. The governments in Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan along with many others have voted to remove US troops and bases. The US has ignored these calls of demilitarization which shows that we do not respect the democratic process of the very nations we demand to be more democratic. This leads to the second issue of advancing democracy and human rights. Democratic Standards The US holds a high standard against China, Russia, Syria, and Iran when it comes to democracy and human rights but the US falls behind when it comes to holding our allies to those same standards. Most US allies consist of monarchs, theocratic states, some dictatorships, and many flawed democracies. Most notable is Saudi Arabia who has a monarch, is a theocratic state, and violates human rights within their own country and abroad such as in Yemen where they are backing a civil war. Although the US doesn't have a military alliance with Saudi Arabia, the US does send millions in aid and military equipment to them. Because of this and the US' other close relations with similar nations the rest of the world, especially the parts we are criticizing, view the US as being a hypocrite. American Trust This negative view hinders the progress of spreading American values abroad since no country favors the US form of democracy. Not only are we listed as a flawed democracy by the Economist Intelligence Unit in 2020, you can read the full report here, but democracies around the world do not share the same trilateral structure that the US has and instead have a unitary parliamentary system akin to the English. In short, US policies are not achieving their intended goals and the flip-flopping of those policies between administrations makes the US an unreliable ally and a poor example of stability and consistency which further hinders our progress to spread democracy and human rights. Fixing Foreign Policy There are several steps the US needs to accomplish in order to fix these issues and they are: Establish detailed and codified foreign policy principles. Establish detailed goals based on those principles. Pass policy that furthers the US to achieve those goals. Amend any policy or change any goal that turns out to be detrimental to those principles. I will go into further details about these steps in my next post.